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Walk-through. From 0:00 to 0:14, promote your initial planet all the way to triple. From 0:15 to 0:47, capture and promote the top planet to a double planet. From 0:48 to 1:11, capture both of the single planets.
From 1:12 to 1:19, send units towards the top right of the screen. From 1:20 to 2:18, while you peel off a second attack force on the top left of the screen, use your existing attack force on the opponents single planet to get them to send reinforcements.
R/Auralux: A subreddit for discussing and sharing experiences, tips, strategies, and images of the popular indie strategy game Auralux. When orange attacks the single planet, use your mass of units near the bottom of the screen to attack the front orange double planet. Auralux 2, pegasus bonus?
This prevents those opponents units from attacking you. When you have both of your attack forces in place, use alternating attacks on the opponents single planets to keep them using their units to attack the center single planet. From 2:19 to 2:25, start preparing for your attack by bringing units from your double planet down where they will be more useful. From 2:26 to 2:36, I consider quitting when orange attacks my single planet.
Fortunately, I decide to start my attack instead. From 2:37 to 2:44, you want to start out taking out the bottom double planet of the opponent you attack first. If your attack force had enough units in it, you’ll be able to use the units that survive that attack to take out the double planet within the minefield.This is really just an all out attack. You have to try to implement the attack in a way that keeps the opponents attacking the center planet as long as possible.
The more units they use on each other, the fewer they have left to defend your attacks.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags. Walk-through.
From 0:00 to 0:15, promote your initial planet all the way to triple. From 0:16 to 0:34, capture and promote one of your double planets. From 0:35 to 0:46, capture and promote the other double planet. From 0:47 to 0:54, send your units as far to the left as possible. You are preparing for making faux attacks on your opponents to get them to move their units.
From 0:55 to 0:56, what you want to happen here is to get orange to send the units from its moving planet to one of its other planets. Here I use an attack on orange’s stationary single planet to get that done. From 0:57 to 1:04, while leaving units on your double planets, send your units back to the left. Then, when green sends units off of its bottom double planet, attack.
What you are trying to do here is to get green to send units from its moving planet to reinforce its planet you are attacking. From 1:05 to 1:15, keep using attacks to make greens stationary single planet weak until orange finally attacks. From 1:16 to 1:23, reinforce you double planets while you are waiting for green to settle down. Then, use your mass of units to attack the top orange double planet.
You are trying to weaken the orange stationary single planet so green will attack. From 1:24 to 1:42, while I’m waiting for green to attack, orange sends a large mass of units to its moving planet. In desperation to get the units off of the orange moving planet I attack the far right orange double. This gets the units off of the moving planet. Even though I didn’t plan it, this also keeps these units from reinforcing the orange stationary single. This allows green to destroy and capture this single planet.
While this is going on, you need to start sending your units down the alleys to a location near your opponents. From 1:43 to 1:45, the earlier you destroy your opponents moving planets the better. The problem with this is that your opponents are very likely to send reinforcements when you do. In this video I get lucky that orange attacks green instead of trying to recapture its moving planet I just destroyed.From here you you just have to destroy your opponents planets in the best way possible. I attack their double planets first. The planet that is most likely to keep you from a good time is the moving planet. It is moving away from you and is more difficult to destroy.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2.
Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags. Walk-through. From 0:00 to 0:02, double your initial planet. From 0:03 to 0:16, capture one of your adjacent single planets. From 0:17 to 0:29, capture the other adjacent single planet.
While doing this I use faux attacks on the center planet to discourage the opponents from capturing that planet. If one of your opponents captures the center planet, start over. From 0:30 to 0:42, send you units down near the bottom of the screen. From 0:43 to 0:50, send your units up near the top of the screen. From 0:51 to 0:52, in this video green has captured the single planet so the first attack will come from orange. When orange attacks the single planet, use your mass of units near the bottom of the screen to attack the front orange double planet. From 0:53 to 0:56, when orange sends reinforcements to the planet you are attacking, redirect your attack to the front green double planet.
From 0:57 to 0:59, when green sends reinforcements to its front planet, send your mass of units down near the bottom of the screen. Then use the mass of units near the top of the screen to attack the front orange double planet.
Then, use your mass of units near the bottom of the screen to attack the front green double planet. Your objective with both of these attacks is to get your opponents to send reinforcements to their front planets where they will be used to fight over the single planet. This also gets the units off of their back planets and makes those planets easier to destroy. From 1:00 to 1:02, as your mass of units reaches the back orange double planet, destroy it. From 1:03 to 1:08, attack and destroy the remaining orange planet with all of the units from your planets. At the same time when your mass of units reaches the back green double planet, destroy it as well.All that remains is to use all of your units to destroy the remaining green planet.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS.
Author Posted on Categories Tags. This strategy is similar to a on Inequity. Previously the first opponent destroyed would be the one that had captured the center planet. Now, the first planet destroyed is one of the opponent opposite the one that captured the center planet.In this video purple captures the center planet. Then at 0:42 orange starts attacking the center planet and at 0:46 green joins in the attack and purple starts defending.
This gets all of the opponents sending units to the center planet and gives me a head start on destroying them. Walk-through. From 0:00 to 0:02, promote your initial planet.
From 0:03 to 0:14, wait until one of your opponents makes a move to capture the center planet, then capture the single planet on the opposite side. In this video, purple gets the center planet, so I capture the green side single planet. If one of your opponents makes a move to capture one of your single planets, start over. From 0:15 to 0:29, prior to capturing the single planet, start sending units towards the other single planet. This is to prevent purple from capturing that planet. Most of the time when I do this I haven’t sent enough units to capture the first single planet, in this video there were just enough to complete the capture. Now capture the other single planet.
From 0:30 to 0:46, send the units from your double planet to a point near the gas giant of the opponent that did not capture the center planet, green in this video. Then wait for your opponents to make their move. From 0:47 to 0:51, when green makes an attack on one of your opponents. Destroy the green gas giant. From 0:52 to 0:58, send the units left over from destroying the green gas giant towards the bottom of the screen where they can be used later against the orange gas giant. At the same time start sending units into the vicinity of the purple gas giant.
From 0:59 to 1:01, if you get lucky like I did here, then when purple attacks orange and orange starts defending, send the units that previously destroyed green to a point beyond the orange gas giant. You don’t want to directly attack the gas giant yet, or it will stop defending its single planet. Likewise, send your units near the purple gas giant to a point past the purple gas giant. From 1:02 to 1:06, when your units get close to both of your opponents gas giants, destroy them.At this point all that is left is destroying the two remaining green planets. In this video I didn’t notice that the green center was close to being destroyed and it surprised me when I destroyed it so easily.
This lead to a delay prior to destroying the last green planet.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags. Walk-through. From 0:00 to 0:09, send all of your units to the planet just in front of green. Before those units arrive, start sending additional units to the same planet.
What you want is for green to capture the planet in front of orange. If anything other than that happens, start over. From 0:10 to 0:22, position a mass of units out near green’s initial planet.
Then keep building up units on the single planet in front of green, this is to prevent orange from attacking this planet. From 0:23 to 0:27, when you have enough units on your single planet, use the mass of units near green and get green to attempt to double its planet using the attack and release method. This is to prepare for orange attacking the green single planet, you don’t want green to be able to reinforce its planet that is under attack. If you time this just right, orange will attack green as soon as you are done with this. From 0:28 to 0:31, when orange attacks the green single planet, attack and destroy the green double planet. From 0:32 to 0:38, position all your units to a point near orange. You want to be ready for when orange attacks the green planet.
From 0:39 to 0:42, since orange attacked green so quickly, wait until the next attack before you take out orange. From 0:43 to 0:48, when orange makes its move to attack the green single planet, attack and destroy the orange planet.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags. Walk-through. From 0:00 to 0:01, double your initial planet.
From 0:02 to 0:20, your goal here is to get both orange and purple to capture the single planets between them and green. Start by sending some units towards the top, then send some units out to the left. Use the units you sent to the top to attack the single planet adjacent to orange. Then, use the units you sent to the left to attack the single planet adjacent to purple.
When one of your opponents directs their units to the single planet adjacent to green, redirect all of your units to the single planet adjacent to the other opponent. If orange and purple do anything except capture the planets adjacent to green, start over. From 0:21 to 0:23, attack your back double planet. Green is thinking about sending its units through the wormhole to capture this planet, this will make green give up on that idea.
If green sends units through the wormhole prior to this, start over. From 0:24 to 0:25, promote your planet to triple. From 0:26 to 0:30, capture your double planet. From 0:31 to 0:43, capture the single planet adjacent to purple. You can capture on the orange side if you wish, I’ve just grown accustomed to doing it this way. This is the first place I almost started over. I redirected units towards promoting my double planet too soon and didn’t capture the single planet as I should have.
From 0:44 to 0:45, promote your double planet. From 0:46 to 0:50, at this point, I prefer if green attacks the purple single planet. In this case, green attacks orange instead. When green attacks purple, you can mass your units near the purple triple planet prior to destroying it. In this case, you need to wait till you have enough units to attack purple.
From 0:51 to 1:04, attack the purple single planet. This should get purple to send reinforcements there. When purple sends the reinforcements, destroy and capture the purple triple planet.
If, at this point purple uses its units to defend the plant you are destroying, or attacks the planet after you capture it, start over. From 1:05 to 1:10, promote the planet you just captured all the way to triple. Just prior to completing this, purple attacked my single planet with units from its double planet.
This was the second point where I almost started over. From 1:11 to 1:19, use an attack on the orange triple planet to get orange to send reinforcements from its single planet.
In this case, that didn’t work. From 1:20 to 1:28, since that didn’t work, destroy the purple double planet. Just prior to destroying the purple planet I use an attack on the orange triple again, and this time it gets orange to reinforce. From 1:29 to 1:32, this is what we’ve been working for. Orange has most of its units on its triple planet, green has just captured the single planet adjacent to orange and orange decides to use all of those units to attack green. While this is happening, send your units through the wormhole so they end up behind orange. From 1:33 to 1:40, now that orange is attacking green use units from your initial enclave to attack and destroy the orange single planet.
Simultaneously, use the units in the wormhole behind orange to destroy its double planet. From 1:41 to 1:45, use the units left over from the previous step to destroy the orange triple planet. While this is happening, purple is trying to capture its double planet you previously destroyed. You can’t let that happen.
From 1:46 to 1:50, send the mass of units left from destroying the orange triple to a point near the green triple planet. At the same time, start sending units from your initial enclave through the wormhole so they end up behind green.
At this time you are also starting to attack the remaining purple planet. From 1:51 to 1:53, attack and destroy the green triple. From 1:54 to 1:59, while still attacking the purple single planet, attack and destroy the green double.One of the lucky things that happened in this video is green was able to destroy the orange planet for me, just prior to me destroying green.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags. Walk-through.
From 0:00 to 0:04, capture the planet adjacent to one of your opponents. In this video I capture the planet adjacent to green. This approach works no matter which planet you capture first. From 0:05 to 0:18, using units from both of your planets, capture the planet adjacent to your other opponent, in this video that is orange. If either of your opponents move to capture one of these adjacent planets, start over. From 0:19 to 0:22, for about 3 seconds send units from all of your planets to a point near the double planet of one of your opponents. In this video I send them near the orange opponent, this will work for either opponent, I’m just used to doing this on the orange side.
From 0:23 to 0:27, continue sending units from your initial planet to the mass of units you are building up near orange. From 0:28 to 0:34, use the attack and release method to get orange to attempt to double their planet. When they absorb all of their units into the planet, use your mass of units and new units from the two closest planets to attack and destroy the orange planet. From 0:34 to 0:45, send all of your units to a point near the green double planet. From 0:46 to 0:50, when green attacks your planet, attack and destroy the green double planet.
While you are destroying the double planet you also want to reinforce your planet being attacked. You just want to reinforce it just enough so it isn’t destroyed, you do not want to restore it fully. From 0:51 to 1:00, bring all of your units back to the orange side.
When orange tries to capture a planet, attack and destroy it. From 1:01 to 1:12, move your units away from the remaining planet. When that planet attacks and destroys your weakened planet, attack and destroy the last green planet.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags Posts navigation.
This article needs additional citations for.Pegasus is an developed by and now built and launched. Capable of carrying small payloads of up to 443 kilograms (977 lb) into, Pegasus first flew in 1990 and remains active as of 2019. The vehicle consists of three and an optional fourth stage.
Pegasus is released from its carrier aircraft at approximately 40,000 ft (12,000 m), and its first stage has a wing and a tail to provide lift and attitude control while in the atmosphere. Notably, the first stage does not have a (TVC) system. Contents.History Pegasus was designed by a team led by Antonio Elias. The Pegasus's three Orion solid motors were developed by (later ) specifically for the Pegasus launcher but using advanced carbon fiber, propellant formulation and case insulation technologies originally developed for the terminated USAF Small ICBM program. The wing and fins' structures were designed by and his company, which manufactured them for Orbital. Mass: 18,500 kg (Pegasus), 23,130 kg (Pegasus XL): 3.
Length: 16.9 m (Pegasus), 17.6 m (Pegasus XL): 3. Diameter: 1.27 m. Wing span: 6.7 m. Payload: 443 kg (1.18 m diameter, 2.13 m length)Started in the spring of 1987, the development project was funded by Orbital Sciences Corporation and Hercules Aerospace, and did not receive any government funding.
Did provide the use of the B-52 carrier aircraft on a cost-reimbursable basis during the development (captive carry tests) and the first few flights. Two Orbital internal projects, the communications constellation and the observation satellites, served as anchor customers to help justify the private funding.purchased the first flight and options for five more, but only exercised the first of the five options. The DARPA contract was subsequently transferred to the U.S. Air Force which exercised the remaining four options. In 1993 issued a Request for Proposals for a Small Expendable Launch Vehicles Services (SELVS) requiring a performance slightly higher than the original Pegasus, resulting in Orbital and Hercules developing the XL version to satisfy the NASA SELVS requirement.There were no Pegasus test launches prior to the first operational launch on April 5, 1990 with NASA test pilot and former in command of the carrier aircraft. Initially, a NASA-owned served as the carrier aircraft.
By 1994, Orbital had transitioned to their ', a converted airliner which was formerly owned. The name 'Stargazer' is an homage to the: the character was captain of a ship named Stargazer prior to the events of the series, and his first officer once served aboard a ship named.During its 44-launch history, the Pegasus program had three mission failures (STEP-1, STEP-2 and HETI/SAC-B), and two partial failures, (USAF Microsat and STEP-2) followed by 30 consecutive successful flights for a total program success rate of 89%. The first partial failure on July 17, 1991 caused the 7 USAF to be delivered to a lower than planned orbit, significantly reducing the mission lifetime. The last mission failure on November 4, 1996 resulted in the loss of gamma-burst identifying satellite HETE in 1996. The Pegasus XL with fairing removed exposing payload bay and the IBEX satelliteThe Pegasus XL, introduced in 1994 has lengthened stages to increase payload performance.
In the Pegasus XL, the first and second stages are lengthened into the Orion 50SXL and Orion 50XL, respectively. Higher stages are unchanged; flight operations are similar. The wing is strengthened slightly to handle the higher weight. The standard Pegasus has been discontinued; the Pegasus XL is still active as of 2019. Pegasus has flown 44 missions in both configurations, launching 91 satellites as of October 12, 2019.Dual payloads can be launched, with a canister that encloses the lower spacecraft and mounts the upper spacecraft. The upper spacecraft deploys, the canister opens, then the lower spacecraft separates from the third-stage adapter.
Since the fairing is unchanged for cost and aerodynamic reasons, each of the two payloads must be relatively compact. Other multiple-satellite launches involve 'self-stacking' configurations, such as the ORBCOMM spacecraft.For their work in developing the rocket, the Pegasus team led by Antonio Elias was awarded the 1991 by U.S. President George H. Bush.The initial launch price offered was 6 million, without options or a HAPS (Hydrazine Auxiliary Propulsion System) maneuvering stage. With the enlargement to Pegasus XL and the associated improvements to the vehicle, baseline prices increased. In addition, customers usually purchase additional services, such as extra testing, design and analysis, and launch-site support.As of 2015, the most recent Pegasus XL to be purchased—a planned June 2017 launch of NASA's (ICON) mission—had a total cost of $56.3 million, which NASA notes includes 'firm-fixed launch service costs, spacecraft processing, payload integration, tracking, data and telemetry and other launch support requirements.'
A series of technical problems delayed this launch, which finally took place on 11 October 2019.In July 2019, it was announced that Northrop had lost the launch contract of the satellite to. IXPE had been planned to be launched by a Pegasus XL rocket, and had been designed so as to fit within the Pegasus XL rocket constraints. With the IXPE launch removed from the Pegasus XL rocket, there are currently (as of 12 October 2019, after the launch of ICON) no space launch missions announced for the Pegasus XL rocket. The future (under construction as of 2019) NASA mission was planned to be launched by Pegasus XL; but then NASA decided to merge the launches of PUNCH and another Explorer mission, (also under construction as of 2019).
These two space missions, consisting of 6 satellites in total, are to be launched by one rocket. It is expected that a larger launcher will be chosen for this dual mission launch.Northrop has 2 Pegasus XL's remaining in its inventory (as of 12 October 2019). It is looking for customers for those rockets. Northrop does not plan on retiring the Pegasus XL rocket as of October 2019.For many small satellites it is desirable to be the primary payload and be placed into the orbit desired, rather than be a placed in a compromise orbit. For example, Pegasus launched from equatorial launch sites can put spacecraft in orbits avoiding the (a high radiation region over the South Atlantic Ocean) which is desirable for many scientific spacecraft.
For some payloads, this may justify the higher cost of Pegasus relative to satellites launched as secondary cargoes on larger launchers.Launch profile. Pegasus engine fires following release from its host, a, 1991In a Pegasus launch, the carrier aircraft takes off from a runway with support and checkout facilities. Such locations have included /, Florida; and, California;, Virginia; Range in the Pacific Ocean, and the in the Atlantic.
Orbital offers launches from, Brazil, but no known customers have performed any.Upon reaching a predetermined staging time, location, and velocity vector the aircraft releases the Pegasus. After five seconds of free-fall, the first stage ignites and the vehicle pitches up. The 45-degree (of carbon composite construction and double-wedge airfoil) aids pitch-up and provides some lift. The tail fins provide steering for first-stage flight, as the Orion 50S motor does not have a nozzle.Approximately 1 minute and 17 seconds later, the Orion 50S motor burns out. The vehicle is at over 200,000 feet (61 km) in altitude and speed.
The first stage falls away, taking the wing and tail surfaces, and the second stage ignites. The Orion 50 burns for approximately 1 minute and 18 seconds. Attitude control is by thrust vectoring the Orion 50 motor around two, pitch and yaw; roll control is provided by nitrogen thrusters on the third stage.
Midway through second-stage flight, the launcher has reached a near-vacuum altitude. The fairing splits and falls away, uncovering the payload and third stage.
Upon burnout of the second-stage motor, the stack coasts until reaching a suitable point in its trajectory, depending on mission. Just cause 4 game. Then the Orion 50 is discarded, and the third stage's motor ignites.
It too has a thrust-vectoring nozzle, assisted by the nitrogen thrusters for roll. After approximately 64 seconds, the third stage burns out. A fourth stage is sometimes added for a higher altitude, finer altitude accuracy, or more complex maneuvers. The HAPS (Hydrazine Auxiliary Propulsion System) is powered by three restartable, hydrazine thrusters.
As with dual launches, the HAPS cuts into the fixed volume available for payload. In at least, the spacecraft was built around the HAPS.Guidance is via a 32-bit computer and an. A receiver gives additional information. Due to the air launch and wing lift, the first-stage flight algorithm is custom-designed.
The second- and third-stage trajectories are, and their guidance is derived from a Space Shuttle algorithm. Carrier aircraft. Main article:The carrier aircraft (initially a NASA, now an owned by Orbital) serves as a booster to increase payloads at reduced cost. 40,000 feet (12,000 m) is only about 4% of a low earth orbital altitude, and the subsonic aircraft reaches only about 3% of orbital velocity, yet by delivering the launch vehicle to this speed and altitude, the reusable aircraft replaces a costly first-stage booster.The single biggest cause of traditional launch delays is weather. Carriage to 40,000 feet takes the Pegasus above the, into the.
Conventional weather is limited to the troposphere, and crosswinds are much gentler at 40,000 feet. Thus the Pegasus is largely immune to weather-induced delays and their associated costs, once at altitude. (Bad weather is still a factor during takeoff, ascent, and the transit to the staging point).Air launching reduces range costs. No blastproof pad, blockhouse, or associated equipment are needed.
This permits takeoff from a wide variety of sites, generally limited by the support and preparation requirements of the payload. The travel range of the aircraft allows launches at the equator, which increases performance and is a requirement for some mission orbits. Launching over oceans also reduces insurance costs, which are often large for a vehicle filled with volatile fuel and oxidizer.Launch at altitude allows a larger, more efficient, yet cheaper first-stage nozzle. Its expansion ratio can be designed for low ambient air pressures, without risking flow separation and flight instability during low-altitude flight. The extra diameter of the high-altitude nozzle would be difficult to gimbal. But with reduced crosswinds, the fins can provide sufficient first-stage steering. This allows a fixed nozzle, which saves cost and weight versus a hot joint.A single-impulse launch results in an elliptical orbit, with a high and low.
The use of three stages, plus the coast period between second- and third-stage firings, help to circularize the orbit, ensuring the perigee clears the Earth's atmosphere. If the Pegasus launch had begun at low altitude, the coast period or thrust profile of the stages would have to be modified to prevent skimming of the atmosphere after one pass.For launches which do not originate from, the carrier aircraft is also used to ferry the assembled launch vehicle to the launch site. For such missions, the payload can either be installed at the base and ferried by the launch vehicle or be installed at the launch site.In October 2016, Orbital ATK announced a partnership with to launch Pegasus-XL rockets from the giant, which could launch up to three Pegasus-XL rockets on a single flight. Related projects Pegasus components have also been the basis of other launchers. The ground-launched places the Pegasus stages and a larger fairing atop a 120 first stage, derived from the first stage of the missile. Initial launches used refurbished MX first stages.The, also ground-launched, is a combination of stages from Taurus launchers and Minuteman missiles, hence the name. The first two stages are from a; the upper stages are Orion 50XL and 38.
Due to the use of surplus military rocket motors, it is only used for US Government and government-sponsored payloads.A third vehicle is dubbed despite containing no Minuteman stages. It consists of a refurbished MX with an Orion 38 added as a fourth stage.The NASA hypersonic test vehicles were boosted by Pegasus first stages. The upper stages were replaced by exposed models of a -powered vehicle. The Orion stages boosted the X-43 to its ignition speed and altitude, and were discarded. After firing the scramjet and gathering flight data, the test vehicles also fell into the Pacific.The most numerous derivative of Pegasus is the booster for the (GBMD) interceptor, basically a vertical (silo) launched Pegasus minus wing and fins, and with the first stage modified by addition of a Thrust Vector Control (TVC) system.Launch statistics.
Launch history Pegasus has flown 44 missions between 1990 and 2019. October 2015. Archived from on 13 January 2016. Brown, Stuart (May 1989), Popular Science, p. 128, retrieved 27 June 2013. Thompson, David (2007), An Adventure Begins - Orbital's First 25 Years, Orbital Sciences Corporation. Mosier, Marty; Harris, Gary; Richards, Bob; Rovner, Dan; Carroll, Brent (1990). Proceedings of the 4th AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites.
Rebecca Hackler (3 June 2013). Startrek.com.
^ (PDF). Northrop Grumman. ^.
NASA. Clark, Stephen (8 July 2019). Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 10 July 2019. Foust, Jeff (October 6, 2016). Retrieved June 7, 2018.
Barron Beneski (6 December 2011). Space News. ^ ESA. Retrieved 31 March 2020. ^ ESA. Retrieved 31 March 2020. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
^ (PDF). Retrieved 16 June 2012. (PDF).
December 2010. Archived from (PDF) on 2011-07-17. 2013-05-14. ^. June 27, 2013. Orbital press release. April 1, 2014.
Retrieved 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2020-03-29. Head soccer online free. Graham, William (15 December 2016).
Retrieved 16 December 2016. Clark, Stephen.
Retrieved 2020-03-29. ^.
Retrieved 2020-03-29. Gebhardt, Chris (11 October 2019).
Retrieved 11 October 2019. International reference guide to space launch systems, Fourth edition, page 290,External links has media related to.
Walk-through. From 0:00 to 0:14, promote your initial planet all the way to triple. From 0:15 to 0:47, capture and promote the top planet to a double planet. From 0:48 to 1:11, capture both of the single planets.
From 1:12 to 1:19, send units towards the top right of the screen. From 1:20 to 2:18, while you peel off a second attack force on the top left of the screen, use your existing attack force on the opponents single planet to get them to send reinforcements.
R/Auralux: A subreddit for discussing and sharing experiences, tips, strategies, and images of the popular indie strategy game Auralux. When orange attacks the single planet, use your mass of units near the bottom of the screen to attack the front orange double planet. Auralux 2, pegasus bonus?
This prevents those opponents units from attacking you. When you have both of your attack forces in place, use alternating attacks on the opponents single planets to keep them using their units to attack the center single planet. From 2:19 to 2:25, start preparing for your attack by bringing units from your double planet down where they will be more useful. From 2:26 to 2:36, I consider quitting when orange attacks my single planet.
Fortunately, I decide to start my attack instead. From 2:37 to 2:44, you want to start out taking out the bottom double planet of the opponent you attack first. If your attack force had enough units in it, you’ll be able to use the units that survive that attack to take out the double planet within the minefield.This is really just an all out attack. You have to try to implement the attack in a way that keeps the opponents attacking the center planet as long as possible.
The more units they use on each other, the fewer they have left to defend your attacks.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags. Walk-through.
From 0:00 to 0:15, promote your initial planet all the way to triple. From 0:16 to 0:34, capture and promote one of your double planets. From 0:35 to 0:46, capture and promote the other double planet. From 0:47 to 0:54, send your units as far to the left as possible. You are preparing for making faux attacks on your opponents to get them to move their units.
From 0:55 to 0:56, what you want to happen here is to get orange to send the units from its moving planet to one of its other planets. Here I use an attack on orange’s stationary single planet to get that done. From 0:57 to 1:04, while leaving units on your double planets, send your units back to the left. Then, when green sends units off of its bottom double planet, attack.
What you are trying to do here is to get green to send units from its moving planet to reinforce its planet you are attacking. From 1:05 to 1:15, keep using attacks to make greens stationary single planet weak until orange finally attacks. From 1:16 to 1:23, reinforce you double planets while you are waiting for green to settle down. Then, use your mass of units to attack the top orange double planet.
You are trying to weaken the orange stationary single planet so green will attack. From 1:24 to 1:42, while I’m waiting for green to attack, orange sends a large mass of units to its moving planet. In desperation to get the units off of the orange moving planet I attack the far right orange double. This gets the units off of the moving planet. Even though I didn’t plan it, this also keeps these units from reinforcing the orange stationary single. This allows green to destroy and capture this single planet.
While this is going on, you need to start sending your units down the alleys to a location near your opponents. From 1:43 to 1:45, the earlier you destroy your opponents moving planets the better. The problem with this is that your opponents are very likely to send reinforcements when you do. In this video I get lucky that orange attacks green instead of trying to recapture its moving planet I just destroyed.From here you you just have to destroy your opponents planets in the best way possible. I attack their double planets first. The planet that is most likely to keep you from a good time is the moving planet. It is moving away from you and is more difficult to destroy.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2.
Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags. Walk-through. From 0:00 to 0:02, double your initial planet. From 0:03 to 0:16, capture one of your adjacent single planets. From 0:17 to 0:29, capture the other adjacent single planet.
While doing this I use faux attacks on the center planet to discourage the opponents from capturing that planet. If one of your opponents captures the center planet, start over. From 0:30 to 0:42, send you units down near the bottom of the screen. From 0:43 to 0:50, send your units up near the top of the screen. From 0:51 to 0:52, in this video green has captured the single planet so the first attack will come from orange. When orange attacks the single planet, use your mass of units near the bottom of the screen to attack the front orange double planet. From 0:53 to 0:56, when orange sends reinforcements to the planet you are attacking, redirect your attack to the front green double planet.
From 0:57 to 0:59, when green sends reinforcements to its front planet, send your mass of units down near the bottom of the screen. Then use the mass of units near the top of the screen to attack the front orange double planet.
Then, use your mass of units near the bottom of the screen to attack the front green double planet. Your objective with both of these attacks is to get your opponents to send reinforcements to their front planets where they will be used to fight over the single planet. This also gets the units off of their back planets and makes those planets easier to destroy. From 1:00 to 1:02, as your mass of units reaches the back orange double planet, destroy it. From 1:03 to 1:08, attack and destroy the remaining orange planet with all of the units from your planets. At the same time when your mass of units reaches the back green double planet, destroy it as well.All that remains is to use all of your units to destroy the remaining green planet.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS.
Author Posted on Categories Tags. This strategy is similar to a on Inequity. Previously the first opponent destroyed would be the one that had captured the center planet. Now, the first planet destroyed is one of the opponent opposite the one that captured the center planet.In this video purple captures the center planet. Then at 0:42 orange starts attacking the center planet and at 0:46 green joins in the attack and purple starts defending.
This gets all of the opponents sending units to the center planet and gives me a head start on destroying them. Walk-through. From 0:00 to 0:02, promote your initial planet.
From 0:03 to 0:14, wait until one of your opponents makes a move to capture the center planet, then capture the single planet on the opposite side. In this video, purple gets the center planet, so I capture the green side single planet. If one of your opponents makes a move to capture one of your single planets, start over. From 0:15 to 0:29, prior to capturing the single planet, start sending units towards the other single planet. This is to prevent purple from capturing that planet. Most of the time when I do this I haven’t sent enough units to capture the first single planet, in this video there were just enough to complete the capture. Now capture the other single planet.
From 0:30 to 0:46, send the units from your double planet to a point near the gas giant of the opponent that did not capture the center planet, green in this video. Then wait for your opponents to make their move. From 0:47 to 0:51, when green makes an attack on one of your opponents. Destroy the green gas giant. From 0:52 to 0:58, send the units left over from destroying the green gas giant towards the bottom of the screen where they can be used later against the orange gas giant. At the same time start sending units into the vicinity of the purple gas giant.
From 0:59 to 1:01, if you get lucky like I did here, then when purple attacks orange and orange starts defending, send the units that previously destroyed green to a point beyond the orange gas giant. You don’t want to directly attack the gas giant yet, or it will stop defending its single planet. Likewise, send your units near the purple gas giant to a point past the purple gas giant. From 1:02 to 1:06, when your units get close to both of your opponents gas giants, destroy them.At this point all that is left is destroying the two remaining green planets. In this video I didn’t notice that the green center was close to being destroyed and it surprised me when I destroyed it so easily.
This lead to a delay prior to destroying the last green planet.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags. Walk-through. From 0:00 to 0:09, send all of your units to the planet just in front of green. Before those units arrive, start sending additional units to the same planet.
What you want is for green to capture the planet in front of orange. If anything other than that happens, start over. From 0:10 to 0:22, position a mass of units out near green’s initial planet.
Then keep building up units on the single planet in front of green, this is to prevent orange from attacking this planet. From 0:23 to 0:27, when you have enough units on your single planet, use the mass of units near green and get green to attempt to double its planet using the attack and release method. This is to prepare for orange attacking the green single planet, you don’t want green to be able to reinforce its planet that is under attack. If you time this just right, orange will attack green as soon as you are done with this. From 0:28 to 0:31, when orange attacks the green single planet, attack and destroy the green double planet. From 0:32 to 0:38, position all your units to a point near orange. You want to be ready for when orange attacks the green planet.
From 0:39 to 0:42, since orange attacked green so quickly, wait until the next attack before you take out orange. From 0:43 to 0:48, when orange makes its move to attack the green single planet, attack and destroy the orange planet.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags. Walk-through. From 0:00 to 0:01, double your initial planet.
From 0:02 to 0:20, your goal here is to get both orange and purple to capture the single planets between them and green. Start by sending some units towards the top, then send some units out to the left. Use the units you sent to the top to attack the single planet adjacent to orange. Then, use the units you sent to the left to attack the single planet adjacent to purple.
When one of your opponents directs their units to the single planet adjacent to green, redirect all of your units to the single planet adjacent to the other opponent. If orange and purple do anything except capture the planets adjacent to green, start over. From 0:21 to 0:23, attack your back double planet. Green is thinking about sending its units through the wormhole to capture this planet, this will make green give up on that idea.
If green sends units through the wormhole prior to this, start over. From 0:24 to 0:25, promote your planet to triple. From 0:26 to 0:30, capture your double planet. From 0:31 to 0:43, capture the single planet adjacent to purple. You can capture on the orange side if you wish, I’ve just grown accustomed to doing it this way. This is the first place I almost started over. I redirected units towards promoting my double planet too soon and didn’t capture the single planet as I should have.
From 0:44 to 0:45, promote your double planet. From 0:46 to 0:50, at this point, I prefer if green attacks the purple single planet. In this case, green attacks orange instead. When green attacks purple, you can mass your units near the purple triple planet prior to destroying it. In this case, you need to wait till you have enough units to attack purple.
From 0:51 to 1:04, attack the purple single planet. This should get purple to send reinforcements there. When purple sends the reinforcements, destroy and capture the purple triple planet.
If, at this point purple uses its units to defend the plant you are destroying, or attacks the planet after you capture it, start over. From 1:05 to 1:10, promote the planet you just captured all the way to triple. Just prior to completing this, purple attacked my single planet with units from its double planet.
This was the second point where I almost started over. From 1:11 to 1:19, use an attack on the orange triple planet to get orange to send reinforcements from its single planet.
In this case, that didn’t work. From 1:20 to 1:28, since that didn’t work, destroy the purple double planet. Just prior to destroying the purple planet I use an attack on the orange triple again, and this time it gets orange to reinforce. From 1:29 to 1:32, this is what we’ve been working for. Orange has most of its units on its triple planet, green has just captured the single planet adjacent to orange and orange decides to use all of those units to attack green. While this is happening, send your units through the wormhole so they end up behind orange. From 1:33 to 1:40, now that orange is attacking green use units from your initial enclave to attack and destroy the orange single planet.
Simultaneously, use the units in the wormhole behind orange to destroy its double planet. From 1:41 to 1:45, use the units left over from the previous step to destroy the orange triple planet. While this is happening, purple is trying to capture its double planet you previously destroyed. You can’t let that happen.
From 1:46 to 1:50, send the mass of units left from destroying the orange triple to a point near the green triple planet. At the same time, start sending units from your initial enclave through the wormhole so they end up behind green.
At this time you are also starting to attack the remaining purple planet. From 1:51 to 1:53, attack and destroy the green triple. From 1:54 to 1:59, while still attacking the purple single planet, attack and destroy the green double.One of the lucky things that happened in this video is green was able to destroy the orange planet for me, just prior to me destroying green.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags. Walk-through.
From 0:00 to 0:04, capture the planet adjacent to one of your opponents. In this video I capture the planet adjacent to green. This approach works no matter which planet you capture first. From 0:05 to 0:18, using units from both of your planets, capture the planet adjacent to your other opponent, in this video that is orange. If either of your opponents move to capture one of these adjacent planets, start over. From 0:19 to 0:22, for about 3 seconds send units from all of your planets to a point near the double planet of one of your opponents. In this video I send them near the orange opponent, this will work for either opponent, I’m just used to doing this on the orange side.
From 0:23 to 0:27, continue sending units from your initial planet to the mass of units you are building up near orange. From 0:28 to 0:34, use the attack and release method to get orange to attempt to double their planet. When they absorb all of their units into the planet, use your mass of units and new units from the two closest planets to attack and destroy the orange planet. From 0:34 to 0:45, send all of your units to a point near the green double planet. From 0:46 to 0:50, when green attacks your planet, attack and destroy the green double planet.
While you are destroying the double planet you also want to reinforce your planet being attacked. You just want to reinforce it just enough so it isn’t destroyed, you do not want to restore it fully. From 0:51 to 1:00, bring all of your units back to the orange side.
When orange tries to capture a planet, attack and destroy it. From 1:01 to 1:12, move your units away from the remaining planet. When that planet attacks and destroys your weakened planet, attack and destroy the last green planet.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags Posts navigation.
This article needs additional citations for.Pegasus is an developed by and now built and launched. Capable of carrying small payloads of up to 443 kilograms (977 lb) into, Pegasus first flew in 1990 and remains active as of 2019. The vehicle consists of three and an optional fourth stage.
Pegasus is released from its carrier aircraft at approximately 40,000 ft (12,000 m), and its first stage has a wing and a tail to provide lift and attitude control while in the atmosphere. Notably, the first stage does not have a (TVC) system. Contents.History Pegasus was designed by a team led by Antonio Elias. The Pegasus\'s three Orion solid motors were developed by (later ) specifically for the Pegasus launcher but using advanced carbon fiber, propellant formulation and case insulation technologies originally developed for the terminated USAF Small ICBM program. The wing and fins\' structures were designed by and his company, which manufactured them for Orbital. Mass: 18,500 kg (Pegasus), 23,130 kg (Pegasus XL): 3.
Length: 16.9 m (Pegasus), 17.6 m (Pegasus XL): 3. Diameter: 1.27 m. Wing span: 6.7 m. Payload: 443 kg (1.18 m diameter, 2.13 m length)Started in the spring of 1987, the development project was funded by Orbital Sciences Corporation and Hercules Aerospace, and did not receive any government funding.
Did provide the use of the B-52 carrier aircraft on a cost-reimbursable basis during the development (captive carry tests) and the first few flights. Two Orbital internal projects, the communications constellation and the observation satellites, served as anchor customers to help justify the private funding.purchased the first flight and options for five more, but only exercised the first of the five options. The DARPA contract was subsequently transferred to the U.S. Air Force which exercised the remaining four options. In 1993 issued a Request for Proposals for a Small Expendable Launch Vehicles Services (SELVS) requiring a performance slightly higher than the original Pegasus, resulting in Orbital and Hercules developing the XL version to satisfy the NASA SELVS requirement.There were no Pegasus test launches prior to the first operational launch on April 5, 1990 with NASA test pilot and former in command of the carrier aircraft. Initially, a NASA-owned served as the carrier aircraft.
By 1994, Orbital had transitioned to their \', a converted airliner which was formerly owned. The name \'Stargazer\' is an homage to the: the character was captain of a ship named Stargazer prior to the events of the series, and his first officer once served aboard a ship named.During its 44-launch history, the Pegasus program had three mission failures (STEP-1, STEP-2 and HETI/SAC-B), and two partial failures, (USAF Microsat and STEP-2) followed by 30 consecutive successful flights for a total program success rate of 89%. The first partial failure on July 17, 1991 caused the 7 USAF to be delivered to a lower than planned orbit, significantly reducing the mission lifetime. The last mission failure on November 4, 1996 resulted in the loss of gamma-burst identifying satellite HETE in 1996. The Pegasus XL with fairing removed exposing payload bay and the IBEX satelliteThe Pegasus XL, introduced in 1994 has lengthened stages to increase payload performance.
In the Pegasus XL, the first and second stages are lengthened into the Orion 50SXL and Orion 50XL, respectively. Higher stages are unchanged; flight operations are similar. The wing is strengthened slightly to handle the higher weight. The standard Pegasus has been discontinued; the Pegasus XL is still active as of 2019. Pegasus has flown 44 missions in both configurations, launching 91 satellites as of October 12, 2019.Dual payloads can be launched, with a canister that encloses the lower spacecraft and mounts the upper spacecraft. The upper spacecraft deploys, the canister opens, then the lower spacecraft separates from the third-stage adapter.
Since the fairing is unchanged for cost and aerodynamic reasons, each of the two payloads must be relatively compact. Other multiple-satellite launches involve \'self-stacking\' configurations, such as the ORBCOMM spacecraft.For their work in developing the rocket, the Pegasus team led by Antonio Elias was awarded the 1991 by U.S. President George H. Bush.The initial launch price offered was 6 million, without options or a HAPS (Hydrazine Auxiliary Propulsion System) maneuvering stage. With the enlargement to Pegasus XL and the associated improvements to the vehicle, baseline prices increased. In addition, customers usually purchase additional services, such as extra testing, design and analysis, and launch-site support.As of 2015, the most recent Pegasus XL to be purchased—a planned June 2017 launch of NASA\'s (ICON) mission—had a total cost of $56.3 million, which NASA notes includes \'firm-fixed launch service costs, spacecraft processing, payload integration, tracking, data and telemetry and other launch support requirements.\'
A series of technical problems delayed this launch, which finally took place on 11 October 2019.In July 2019, it was announced that Northrop had lost the launch contract of the satellite to. IXPE had been planned to be launched by a Pegasus XL rocket, and had been designed so as to fit within the Pegasus XL rocket constraints. With the IXPE launch removed from the Pegasus XL rocket, there are currently (as of 12 October 2019, after the launch of ICON) no space launch missions announced for the Pegasus XL rocket. The future (under construction as of 2019) NASA mission was planned to be launched by Pegasus XL; but then NASA decided to merge the launches of PUNCH and another Explorer mission, (also under construction as of 2019).
These two space missions, consisting of 6 satellites in total, are to be launched by one rocket. It is expected that a larger launcher will be chosen for this dual mission launch.Northrop has 2 Pegasus XL\'s remaining in its inventory (as of 12 October 2019). It is looking for customers for those rockets. Northrop does not plan on retiring the Pegasus XL rocket as of October 2019.For many small satellites it is desirable to be the primary payload and be placed into the orbit desired, rather than be a placed in a compromise orbit. For example, Pegasus launched from equatorial launch sites can put spacecraft in orbits avoiding the (a high radiation region over the South Atlantic Ocean) which is desirable for many scientific spacecraft.
For some payloads, this may justify the higher cost of Pegasus relative to satellites launched as secondary cargoes on larger launchers.Launch profile. Pegasus engine fires following release from its host, a, 1991In a Pegasus launch, the carrier aircraft takes off from a runway with support and checkout facilities. Such locations have included /, Florida; and, California;, Virginia; Range in the Pacific Ocean, and the in the Atlantic.
Orbital offers launches from, Brazil, but no known customers have performed any.Upon reaching a predetermined staging time, location, and velocity vector the aircraft releases the Pegasus. After five seconds of free-fall, the first stage ignites and the vehicle pitches up. The 45-degree (of carbon composite construction and double-wedge airfoil) aids pitch-up and provides some lift. The tail fins provide steering for first-stage flight, as the Orion 50S motor does not have a nozzle.Approximately 1 minute and 17 seconds later, the Orion 50S motor burns out. The vehicle is at over 200,000 feet (61 km) in altitude and speed.
The first stage falls away, taking the wing and tail surfaces, and the second stage ignites. The Orion 50 burns for approximately 1 minute and 18 seconds. Attitude control is by thrust vectoring the Orion 50 motor around two, pitch and yaw; roll control is provided by nitrogen thrusters on the third stage.
Midway through second-stage flight, the launcher has reached a near-vacuum altitude. The fairing splits and falls away, uncovering the payload and third stage.
Upon burnout of the second-stage motor, the stack coasts until reaching a suitable point in its trajectory, depending on mission. Just cause 4 game. Then the Orion 50 is discarded, and the third stage\'s motor ignites.
It too has a thrust-vectoring nozzle, assisted by the nitrogen thrusters for roll. After approximately 64 seconds, the third stage burns out. A fourth stage is sometimes added for a higher altitude, finer altitude accuracy, or more complex maneuvers. The HAPS (Hydrazine Auxiliary Propulsion System) is powered by three restartable, hydrazine thrusters.
As with dual launches, the HAPS cuts into the fixed volume available for payload. In at least, the spacecraft was built around the HAPS.Guidance is via a 32-bit computer and an. A receiver gives additional information. Due to the air launch and wing lift, the first-stage flight algorithm is custom-designed.
The second- and third-stage trajectories are, and their guidance is derived from a Space Shuttle algorithm. Carrier aircraft. Main article:The carrier aircraft (initially a NASA, now an owned by Orbital) serves as a booster to increase payloads at reduced cost. 40,000 feet (12,000 m) is only about 4% of a low earth orbital altitude, and the subsonic aircraft reaches only about 3% of orbital velocity, yet by delivering the launch vehicle to this speed and altitude, the reusable aircraft replaces a costly first-stage booster.The single biggest cause of traditional launch delays is weather. Carriage to 40,000 feet takes the Pegasus above the, into the.
Conventional weather is limited to the troposphere, and crosswinds are much gentler at 40,000 feet. Thus the Pegasus is largely immune to weather-induced delays and their associated costs, once at altitude. (Bad weather is still a factor during takeoff, ascent, and the transit to the staging point).Air launching reduces range costs. No blastproof pad, blockhouse, or associated equipment are needed.
This permits takeoff from a wide variety of sites, generally limited by the support and preparation requirements of the payload. The travel range of the aircraft allows launches at the equator, which increases performance and is a requirement for some mission orbits. Launching over oceans also reduces insurance costs, which are often large for a vehicle filled with volatile fuel and oxidizer.Launch at altitude allows a larger, more efficient, yet cheaper first-stage nozzle. Its expansion ratio can be designed for low ambient air pressures, without risking flow separation and flight instability during low-altitude flight. The extra diameter of the high-altitude nozzle would be difficult to gimbal. But with reduced crosswinds, the fins can provide sufficient first-stage steering. This allows a fixed nozzle, which saves cost and weight versus a hot joint.A single-impulse launch results in an elliptical orbit, with a high and low.
The use of three stages, plus the coast period between second- and third-stage firings, help to circularize the orbit, ensuring the perigee clears the Earth\'s atmosphere. If the Pegasus launch had begun at low altitude, the coast period or thrust profile of the stages would have to be modified to prevent skimming of the atmosphere after one pass.For launches which do not originate from, the carrier aircraft is also used to ferry the assembled launch vehicle to the launch site. For such missions, the payload can either be installed at the base and ferried by the launch vehicle or be installed at the launch site.In October 2016, Orbital ATK announced a partnership with to launch Pegasus-XL rockets from the giant, which could launch up to three Pegasus-XL rockets on a single flight. Related projects Pegasus components have also been the basis of other launchers. The ground-launched places the Pegasus stages and a larger fairing atop a 120 first stage, derived from the first stage of the missile. Initial launches used refurbished MX first stages.The, also ground-launched, is a combination of stages from Taurus launchers and Minuteman missiles, hence the name. The first two stages are from a; the upper stages are Orion 50XL and 38.
Due to the use of surplus military rocket motors, it is only used for US Government and government-sponsored payloads.A third vehicle is dubbed despite containing no Minuteman stages. It consists of a refurbished MX with an Orion 38 added as a fourth stage.The NASA hypersonic test vehicles were boosted by Pegasus first stages. The upper stages were replaced by exposed models of a -powered vehicle. The Orion stages boosted the X-43 to its ignition speed and altitude, and were discarded. After firing the scramjet and gathering flight data, the test vehicles also fell into the Pacific.The most numerous derivative of Pegasus is the booster for the (GBMD) interceptor, basically a vertical (silo) launched Pegasus minus wing and fins, and with the first stage modified by addition of a Thrust Vector Control (TVC) system.Launch statistics.
Launch history Pegasus has flown 44 missions between 1990 and 2019. October 2015. Archived from on 13 January 2016. Brown, Stuart (May 1989), Popular Science, p. 128, retrieved 27 June 2013. Thompson, David (2007), An Adventure Begins - Orbital\'s First 25 Years, Orbital Sciences Corporation. Mosier, Marty; Harris, Gary; Richards, Bob; Rovner, Dan; Carroll, Brent (1990). Proceedings of the 4th AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites.
Rebecca Hackler (3 June 2013). Startrek.com.
^ (PDF). Northrop Grumman. ^.
NASA. Clark, Stephen (8 July 2019). Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 10 July 2019. Foust, Jeff (October 6, 2016). Retrieved June 7, 2018.
Barron Beneski (6 December 2011). Space News. ^ ESA. Retrieved 31 March 2020. ^ ESA. Retrieved 31 March 2020. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
^ (PDF). Retrieved 16 June 2012. (PDF).
December 2010. Archived from (PDF) on 2011-07-17. 2013-05-14. ^. June 27, 2013. Orbital press release. April 1, 2014.
Retrieved 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2020-03-29. Head soccer online free. Graham, William (15 December 2016).
Retrieved 16 December 2016. Clark, Stephen.
Retrieved 2020-03-29. ^.
Retrieved 2020-03-29. Gebhardt, Chris (11 October 2019).
Retrieved 11 October 2019. International reference guide to space launch systems, Fourth edition, page 290,External links has media related to.
...'>Auralux Pegasus Mass Walkthrough(25.04.2020)Walk-through. From 0:00 to 0:14, promote your initial planet all the way to triple. From 0:15 to 0:47, capture and promote the top planet to a double planet. From 0:48 to 1:11, capture both of the single planets.
From 1:12 to 1:19, send units towards the top right of the screen. From 1:20 to 2:18, while you peel off a second attack force on the top left of the screen, use your existing attack force on the opponents single planet to get them to send reinforcements.
R/Auralux: A subreddit for discussing and sharing experiences, tips, strategies, and images of the popular indie strategy game Auralux. When orange attacks the single planet, use your mass of units near the bottom of the screen to attack the front orange double planet. Auralux 2, pegasus bonus?
This prevents those opponents units from attacking you. When you have both of your attack forces in place, use alternating attacks on the opponents single planets to keep them using their units to attack the center single planet. From 2:19 to 2:25, start preparing for your attack by bringing units from your double planet down where they will be more useful. From 2:26 to 2:36, I consider quitting when orange attacks my single planet.
Fortunately, I decide to start my attack instead. From 2:37 to 2:44, you want to start out taking out the bottom double planet of the opponent you attack first. If your attack force had enough units in it, you’ll be able to use the units that survive that attack to take out the double planet within the minefield.This is really just an all out attack. You have to try to implement the attack in a way that keeps the opponents attacking the center planet as long as possible.
The more units they use on each other, the fewer they have left to defend your attacks.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags. Walk-through.
From 0:00 to 0:15, promote your initial planet all the way to triple. From 0:16 to 0:34, capture and promote one of your double planets. From 0:35 to 0:46, capture and promote the other double planet. From 0:47 to 0:54, send your units as far to the left as possible. You are preparing for making faux attacks on your opponents to get them to move their units.
From 0:55 to 0:56, what you want to happen here is to get orange to send the units from its moving planet to one of its other planets. Here I use an attack on orange’s stationary single planet to get that done. From 0:57 to 1:04, while leaving units on your double planets, send your units back to the left. Then, when green sends units off of its bottom double planet, attack.
What you are trying to do here is to get green to send units from its moving planet to reinforce its planet you are attacking. From 1:05 to 1:15, keep using attacks to make greens stationary single planet weak until orange finally attacks. From 1:16 to 1:23, reinforce you double planets while you are waiting for green to settle down. Then, use your mass of units to attack the top orange double planet.
You are trying to weaken the orange stationary single planet so green will attack. From 1:24 to 1:42, while I’m waiting for green to attack, orange sends a large mass of units to its moving planet. In desperation to get the units off of the orange moving planet I attack the far right orange double. This gets the units off of the moving planet. Even though I didn’t plan it, this also keeps these units from reinforcing the orange stationary single. This allows green to destroy and capture this single planet.
While this is going on, you need to start sending your units down the alleys to a location near your opponents. From 1:43 to 1:45, the earlier you destroy your opponents moving planets the better. The problem with this is that your opponents are very likely to send reinforcements when you do. In this video I get lucky that orange attacks green instead of trying to recapture its moving planet I just destroyed.From here you you just have to destroy your opponents planets in the best way possible. I attack their double planets first. The planet that is most likely to keep you from a good time is the moving planet. It is moving away from you and is more difficult to destroy.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2.
Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags. Walk-through. From 0:00 to 0:02, double your initial planet. From 0:03 to 0:16, capture one of your adjacent single planets. From 0:17 to 0:29, capture the other adjacent single planet.
While doing this I use faux attacks on the center planet to discourage the opponents from capturing that planet. If one of your opponents captures the center planet, start over. From 0:30 to 0:42, send you units down near the bottom of the screen. From 0:43 to 0:50, send your units up near the top of the screen. From 0:51 to 0:52, in this video green has captured the single planet so the first attack will come from orange. When orange attacks the single planet, use your mass of units near the bottom of the screen to attack the front orange double planet. From 0:53 to 0:56, when orange sends reinforcements to the planet you are attacking, redirect your attack to the front green double planet.
From 0:57 to 0:59, when green sends reinforcements to its front planet, send your mass of units down near the bottom of the screen. Then use the mass of units near the top of the screen to attack the front orange double planet.
Then, use your mass of units near the bottom of the screen to attack the front green double planet. Your objective with both of these attacks is to get your opponents to send reinforcements to their front planets where they will be used to fight over the single planet. This also gets the units off of their back planets and makes those planets easier to destroy. From 1:00 to 1:02, as your mass of units reaches the back orange double planet, destroy it. From 1:03 to 1:08, attack and destroy the remaining orange planet with all of the units from your planets. At the same time when your mass of units reaches the back green double planet, destroy it as well.All that remains is to use all of your units to destroy the remaining green planet.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS.
Author Posted on Categories Tags. This strategy is similar to a on Inequity. Previously the first opponent destroyed would be the one that had captured the center planet. Now, the first planet destroyed is one of the opponent opposite the one that captured the center planet.In this video purple captures the center planet. Then at 0:42 orange starts attacking the center planet and at 0:46 green joins in the attack and purple starts defending.
This gets all of the opponents sending units to the center planet and gives me a head start on destroying them. Walk-through. From 0:00 to 0:02, promote your initial planet.
From 0:03 to 0:14, wait until one of your opponents makes a move to capture the center planet, then capture the single planet on the opposite side. In this video, purple gets the center planet, so I capture the green side single planet. If one of your opponents makes a move to capture one of your single planets, start over. From 0:15 to 0:29, prior to capturing the single planet, start sending units towards the other single planet. This is to prevent purple from capturing that planet. Most of the time when I do this I haven’t sent enough units to capture the first single planet, in this video there were just enough to complete the capture. Now capture the other single planet.
From 0:30 to 0:46, send the units from your double planet to a point near the gas giant of the opponent that did not capture the center planet, green in this video. Then wait for your opponents to make their move. From 0:47 to 0:51, when green makes an attack on one of your opponents. Destroy the green gas giant. From 0:52 to 0:58, send the units left over from destroying the green gas giant towards the bottom of the screen where they can be used later against the orange gas giant. At the same time start sending units into the vicinity of the purple gas giant.
From 0:59 to 1:01, if you get lucky like I did here, then when purple attacks orange and orange starts defending, send the units that previously destroyed green to a point beyond the orange gas giant. You don’t want to directly attack the gas giant yet, or it will stop defending its single planet. Likewise, send your units near the purple gas giant to a point past the purple gas giant. From 1:02 to 1:06, when your units get close to both of your opponents gas giants, destroy them.At this point all that is left is destroying the two remaining green planets. In this video I didn’t notice that the green center was close to being destroyed and it surprised me when I destroyed it so easily.
This lead to a delay prior to destroying the last green planet.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags. Walk-through. From 0:00 to 0:09, send all of your units to the planet just in front of green. Before those units arrive, start sending additional units to the same planet.
What you want is for green to capture the planet in front of orange. If anything other than that happens, start over. From 0:10 to 0:22, position a mass of units out near green’s initial planet.
Then keep building up units on the single planet in front of green, this is to prevent orange from attacking this planet. From 0:23 to 0:27, when you have enough units on your single planet, use the mass of units near green and get green to attempt to double its planet using the attack and release method. This is to prepare for orange attacking the green single planet, you don’t want green to be able to reinforce its planet that is under attack. If you time this just right, orange will attack green as soon as you are done with this. From 0:28 to 0:31, when orange attacks the green single planet, attack and destroy the green double planet. From 0:32 to 0:38, position all your units to a point near orange. You want to be ready for when orange attacks the green planet.
From 0:39 to 0:42, since orange attacked green so quickly, wait until the next attack before you take out orange. From 0:43 to 0:48, when orange makes its move to attack the green single planet, attack and destroy the orange planet.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags. Walk-through. From 0:00 to 0:01, double your initial planet.
From 0:02 to 0:20, your goal here is to get both orange and purple to capture the single planets between them and green. Start by sending some units towards the top, then send some units out to the left. Use the units you sent to the top to attack the single planet adjacent to orange. Then, use the units you sent to the left to attack the single planet adjacent to purple.
When one of your opponents directs their units to the single planet adjacent to green, redirect all of your units to the single planet adjacent to the other opponent. If orange and purple do anything except capture the planets adjacent to green, start over. From 0:21 to 0:23, attack your back double planet. Green is thinking about sending its units through the wormhole to capture this planet, this will make green give up on that idea.
If green sends units through the wormhole prior to this, start over. From 0:24 to 0:25, promote your planet to triple. From 0:26 to 0:30, capture your double planet. From 0:31 to 0:43, capture the single planet adjacent to purple. You can capture on the orange side if you wish, I’ve just grown accustomed to doing it this way. This is the first place I almost started over. I redirected units towards promoting my double planet too soon and didn’t capture the single planet as I should have.
From 0:44 to 0:45, promote your double planet. From 0:46 to 0:50, at this point, I prefer if green attacks the purple single planet. In this case, green attacks orange instead. When green attacks purple, you can mass your units near the purple triple planet prior to destroying it. In this case, you need to wait till you have enough units to attack purple.
From 0:51 to 1:04, attack the purple single planet. This should get purple to send reinforcements there. When purple sends the reinforcements, destroy and capture the purple triple planet.
If, at this point purple uses its units to defend the plant you are destroying, or attacks the planet after you capture it, start over. From 1:05 to 1:10, promote the planet you just captured all the way to triple. Just prior to completing this, purple attacked my single planet with units from its double planet.
This was the second point where I almost started over. From 1:11 to 1:19, use an attack on the orange triple planet to get orange to send reinforcements from its single planet.
In this case, that didn’t work. From 1:20 to 1:28, since that didn’t work, destroy the purple double planet. Just prior to destroying the purple planet I use an attack on the orange triple again, and this time it gets orange to reinforce. From 1:29 to 1:32, this is what we’ve been working for. Orange has most of its units on its triple planet, green has just captured the single planet adjacent to orange and orange decides to use all of those units to attack green. While this is happening, send your units through the wormhole so they end up behind orange. From 1:33 to 1:40, now that orange is attacking green use units from your initial enclave to attack and destroy the orange single planet.
Simultaneously, use the units in the wormhole behind orange to destroy its double planet. From 1:41 to 1:45, use the units left over from the previous step to destroy the orange triple planet. While this is happening, purple is trying to capture its double planet you previously destroyed. You can’t let that happen.
From 1:46 to 1:50, send the mass of units left from destroying the orange triple to a point near the green triple planet. At the same time, start sending units from your initial enclave through the wormhole so they end up behind green.
At this time you are also starting to attack the remaining purple planet. From 1:51 to 1:53, attack and destroy the green triple. From 1:54 to 1:59, while still attacking the purple single planet, attack and destroy the green double.One of the lucky things that happened in this video is green was able to destroy the orange planet for me, just prior to me destroying green.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags. Walk-through.
From 0:00 to 0:04, capture the planet adjacent to one of your opponents. In this video I capture the planet adjacent to green. This approach works no matter which planet you capture first. From 0:05 to 0:18, using units from both of your planets, capture the planet adjacent to your other opponent, in this video that is orange. If either of your opponents move to capture one of these adjacent planets, start over. From 0:19 to 0:22, for about 3 seconds send units from all of your planets to a point near the double planet of one of your opponents. In this video I send them near the orange opponent, this will work for either opponent, I’m just used to doing this on the orange side.
From 0:23 to 0:27, continue sending units from your initial planet to the mass of units you are building up near orange. From 0:28 to 0:34, use the attack and release method to get orange to attempt to double their planet. When they absorb all of their units into the planet, use your mass of units and new units from the two closest planets to attack and destroy the orange planet. From 0:34 to 0:45, send all of your units to a point near the green double planet. From 0:46 to 0:50, when green attacks your planet, attack and destroy the green double planet.
While you are destroying the double planet you also want to reinforce your planet being attacked. You just want to reinforce it just enough so it isn’t destroyed, you do not want to restore it fully. From 0:51 to 1:00, bring all of your units back to the orange side.
When orange tries to capture a planet, attack and destroy it. From 1:01 to 1:12, move your units away from the remaining planet. When that planet attacks and destroys your weakened planet, attack and destroy the last green planet.If you leave a comment, please use the same name you use on Auralux 2. Also, indicate if you play on Android or iOS. Author Posted on Categories Tags Posts navigation.
This article needs additional citations for.Pegasus is an developed by and now built and launched. Capable of carrying small payloads of up to 443 kilograms (977 lb) into, Pegasus first flew in 1990 and remains active as of 2019. The vehicle consists of three and an optional fourth stage.
Pegasus is released from its carrier aircraft at approximately 40,000 ft (12,000 m), and its first stage has a wing and a tail to provide lift and attitude control while in the atmosphere. Notably, the first stage does not have a (TVC) system. Contents.History Pegasus was designed by a team led by Antonio Elias. The Pegasus\'s three Orion solid motors were developed by (later ) specifically for the Pegasus launcher but using advanced carbon fiber, propellant formulation and case insulation technologies originally developed for the terminated USAF Small ICBM program. The wing and fins\' structures were designed by and his company, which manufactured them for Orbital. Mass: 18,500 kg (Pegasus), 23,130 kg (Pegasus XL): 3.
Length: 16.9 m (Pegasus), 17.6 m (Pegasus XL): 3. Diameter: 1.27 m. Wing span: 6.7 m. Payload: 443 kg (1.18 m diameter, 2.13 m length)Started in the spring of 1987, the development project was funded by Orbital Sciences Corporation and Hercules Aerospace, and did not receive any government funding.
Did provide the use of the B-52 carrier aircraft on a cost-reimbursable basis during the development (captive carry tests) and the first few flights. Two Orbital internal projects, the communications constellation and the observation satellites, served as anchor customers to help justify the private funding.purchased the first flight and options for five more, but only exercised the first of the five options. The DARPA contract was subsequently transferred to the U.S. Air Force which exercised the remaining four options. In 1993 issued a Request for Proposals for a Small Expendable Launch Vehicles Services (SELVS) requiring a performance slightly higher than the original Pegasus, resulting in Orbital and Hercules developing the XL version to satisfy the NASA SELVS requirement.There were no Pegasus test launches prior to the first operational launch on April 5, 1990 with NASA test pilot and former in command of the carrier aircraft. Initially, a NASA-owned served as the carrier aircraft.
By 1994, Orbital had transitioned to their \', a converted airliner which was formerly owned. The name \'Stargazer\' is an homage to the: the character was captain of a ship named Stargazer prior to the events of the series, and his first officer once served aboard a ship named.During its 44-launch history, the Pegasus program had three mission failures (STEP-1, STEP-2 and HETI/SAC-B), and two partial failures, (USAF Microsat and STEP-2) followed by 30 consecutive successful flights for a total program success rate of 89%. The first partial failure on July 17, 1991 caused the 7 USAF to be delivered to a lower than planned orbit, significantly reducing the mission lifetime. The last mission failure on November 4, 1996 resulted in the loss of gamma-burst identifying satellite HETE in 1996. The Pegasus XL with fairing removed exposing payload bay and the IBEX satelliteThe Pegasus XL, introduced in 1994 has lengthened stages to increase payload performance.
In the Pegasus XL, the first and second stages are lengthened into the Orion 50SXL and Orion 50XL, respectively. Higher stages are unchanged; flight operations are similar. The wing is strengthened slightly to handle the higher weight. The standard Pegasus has been discontinued; the Pegasus XL is still active as of 2019. Pegasus has flown 44 missions in both configurations, launching 91 satellites as of October 12, 2019.Dual payloads can be launched, with a canister that encloses the lower spacecraft and mounts the upper spacecraft. The upper spacecraft deploys, the canister opens, then the lower spacecraft separates from the third-stage adapter.
Since the fairing is unchanged for cost and aerodynamic reasons, each of the two payloads must be relatively compact. Other multiple-satellite launches involve \'self-stacking\' configurations, such as the ORBCOMM spacecraft.For their work in developing the rocket, the Pegasus team led by Antonio Elias was awarded the 1991 by U.S. President George H. Bush.The initial launch price offered was 6 million, without options or a HAPS (Hydrazine Auxiliary Propulsion System) maneuvering stage. With the enlargement to Pegasus XL and the associated improvements to the vehicle, baseline prices increased. In addition, customers usually purchase additional services, such as extra testing, design and analysis, and launch-site support.As of 2015, the most recent Pegasus XL to be purchased—a planned June 2017 launch of NASA\'s (ICON) mission—had a total cost of $56.3 million, which NASA notes includes \'firm-fixed launch service costs, spacecraft processing, payload integration, tracking, data and telemetry and other launch support requirements.\'
A series of technical problems delayed this launch, which finally took place on 11 October 2019.In July 2019, it was announced that Northrop had lost the launch contract of the satellite to. IXPE had been planned to be launched by a Pegasus XL rocket, and had been designed so as to fit within the Pegasus XL rocket constraints. With the IXPE launch removed from the Pegasus XL rocket, there are currently (as of 12 October 2019, after the launch of ICON) no space launch missions announced for the Pegasus XL rocket. The future (under construction as of 2019) NASA mission was planned to be launched by Pegasus XL; but then NASA decided to merge the launches of PUNCH and another Explorer mission, (also under construction as of 2019).
These two space missions, consisting of 6 satellites in total, are to be launched by one rocket. It is expected that a larger launcher will be chosen for this dual mission launch.Northrop has 2 Pegasus XL\'s remaining in its inventory (as of 12 October 2019). It is looking for customers for those rockets. Northrop does not plan on retiring the Pegasus XL rocket as of October 2019.For many small satellites it is desirable to be the primary payload and be placed into the orbit desired, rather than be a placed in a compromise orbit. For example, Pegasus launched from equatorial launch sites can put spacecraft in orbits avoiding the (a high radiation region over the South Atlantic Ocean) which is desirable for many scientific spacecraft.
For some payloads, this may justify the higher cost of Pegasus relative to satellites launched as secondary cargoes on larger launchers.Launch profile. Pegasus engine fires following release from its host, a, 1991In a Pegasus launch, the carrier aircraft takes off from a runway with support and checkout facilities. Such locations have included /, Florida; and, California;, Virginia; Range in the Pacific Ocean, and the in the Atlantic.
Orbital offers launches from, Brazil, but no known customers have performed any.Upon reaching a predetermined staging time, location, and velocity vector the aircraft releases the Pegasus. After five seconds of free-fall, the first stage ignites and the vehicle pitches up. The 45-degree (of carbon composite construction and double-wedge airfoil) aids pitch-up and provides some lift. The tail fins provide steering for first-stage flight, as the Orion 50S motor does not have a nozzle.Approximately 1 minute and 17 seconds later, the Orion 50S motor burns out. The vehicle is at over 200,000 feet (61 km) in altitude and speed.
The first stage falls away, taking the wing and tail surfaces, and the second stage ignites. The Orion 50 burns for approximately 1 minute and 18 seconds. Attitude control is by thrust vectoring the Orion 50 motor around two, pitch and yaw; roll control is provided by nitrogen thrusters on the third stage.
Midway through second-stage flight, the launcher has reached a near-vacuum altitude. The fairing splits and falls away, uncovering the payload and third stage.
Upon burnout of the second-stage motor, the stack coasts until reaching a suitable point in its trajectory, depending on mission. Just cause 4 game. Then the Orion 50 is discarded, and the third stage\'s motor ignites.
It too has a thrust-vectoring nozzle, assisted by the nitrogen thrusters for roll. After approximately 64 seconds, the third stage burns out. A fourth stage is sometimes added for a higher altitude, finer altitude accuracy, or more complex maneuvers. The HAPS (Hydrazine Auxiliary Propulsion System) is powered by three restartable, hydrazine thrusters.
As with dual launches, the HAPS cuts into the fixed volume available for payload. In at least, the spacecraft was built around the HAPS.Guidance is via a 32-bit computer and an. A receiver gives additional information. Due to the air launch and wing lift, the first-stage flight algorithm is custom-designed.
The second- and third-stage trajectories are, and their guidance is derived from a Space Shuttle algorithm. Carrier aircraft. Main article:The carrier aircraft (initially a NASA, now an owned by Orbital) serves as a booster to increase payloads at reduced cost. 40,000 feet (12,000 m) is only about 4% of a low earth orbital altitude, and the subsonic aircraft reaches only about 3% of orbital velocity, yet by delivering the launch vehicle to this speed and altitude, the reusable aircraft replaces a costly first-stage booster.The single biggest cause of traditional launch delays is weather. Carriage to 40,000 feet takes the Pegasus above the, into the.
Conventional weather is limited to the troposphere, and crosswinds are much gentler at 40,000 feet. Thus the Pegasus is largely immune to weather-induced delays and their associated costs, once at altitude. (Bad weather is still a factor during takeoff, ascent, and the transit to the staging point).Air launching reduces range costs. No blastproof pad, blockhouse, or associated equipment are needed.
This permits takeoff from a wide variety of sites, generally limited by the support and preparation requirements of the payload. The travel range of the aircraft allows launches at the equator, which increases performance and is a requirement for some mission orbits. Launching over oceans also reduces insurance costs, which are often large for a vehicle filled with volatile fuel and oxidizer.Launch at altitude allows a larger, more efficient, yet cheaper first-stage nozzle. Its expansion ratio can be designed for low ambient air pressures, without risking flow separation and flight instability during low-altitude flight. The extra diameter of the high-altitude nozzle would be difficult to gimbal. But with reduced crosswinds, the fins can provide sufficient first-stage steering. This allows a fixed nozzle, which saves cost and weight versus a hot joint.A single-impulse launch results in an elliptical orbit, with a high and low.
The use of three stages, plus the coast period between second- and third-stage firings, help to circularize the orbit, ensuring the perigee clears the Earth\'s atmosphere. If the Pegasus launch had begun at low altitude, the coast period or thrust profile of the stages would have to be modified to prevent skimming of the atmosphere after one pass.For launches which do not originate from, the carrier aircraft is also used to ferry the assembled launch vehicle to the launch site. For such missions, the payload can either be installed at the base and ferried by the launch vehicle or be installed at the launch site.In October 2016, Orbital ATK announced a partnership with to launch Pegasus-XL rockets from the giant, which could launch up to three Pegasus-XL rockets on a single flight. Related projects Pegasus components have also been the basis of other launchers. The ground-launched places the Pegasus stages and a larger fairing atop a 120 first stage, derived from the first stage of the missile. Initial launches used refurbished MX first stages.The, also ground-launched, is a combination of stages from Taurus launchers and Minuteman missiles, hence the name. The first two stages are from a; the upper stages are Orion 50XL and 38.
Due to the use of surplus military rocket motors, it is only used for US Government and government-sponsored payloads.A third vehicle is dubbed despite containing no Minuteman stages. It consists of a refurbished MX with an Orion 38 added as a fourth stage.The NASA hypersonic test vehicles were boosted by Pegasus first stages. The upper stages were replaced by exposed models of a -powered vehicle. The Orion stages boosted the X-43 to its ignition speed and altitude, and were discarded. After firing the scramjet and gathering flight data, the test vehicles also fell into the Pacific.The most numerous derivative of Pegasus is the booster for the (GBMD) interceptor, basically a vertical (silo) launched Pegasus minus wing and fins, and with the first stage modified by addition of a Thrust Vector Control (TVC) system.Launch statistics.
Launch history Pegasus has flown 44 missions between 1990 and 2019. October 2015. Archived from on 13 January 2016. Brown, Stuart (May 1989), Popular Science, p. 128, retrieved 27 June 2013. Thompson, David (2007), An Adventure Begins - Orbital\'s First 25 Years, Orbital Sciences Corporation. Mosier, Marty; Harris, Gary; Richards, Bob; Rovner, Dan; Carroll, Brent (1990). Proceedings of the 4th AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites.
Rebecca Hackler (3 June 2013). Startrek.com.
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